Arduino PWM Control Motor

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is a technique used to generate an analog-like signal within a digital pin. In this tutorial, we will explore how to control the brightness of an LED using Arduino's PWM function.

By varying the pulse width of a period, we can simulate any voltage between 0v and 5v. The duration of ON time of a period is called the pulse width. This switching between on and off state is so fast that the output signal acts like a stable voltage level between 0V and 5V.

Arduino Uno has six PWM pins, pin 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. The analogWrite() function works on a scale of 0 – 255. To get a 50% or 20% duty cycle on Arduino code, we use the analogWrite() function.

Let's look at an example to understand it better. By increasing the analogWrite() value from 0 to 255, we can gradually increase the voltage of the output pin from 0v to 5v. For instance, analogWrite(0) gives a signal of 0% duty cycle i.e 0v output, while analogWrite(50) gives a signal of ~ 20% duty cycle i.e 1v output.

The frequency of the PWM signal on pins 5 and 6 is 980Hz. Pins 3, 9, 10, and 11 have a frequency of 490Hz. The difference between each step would be 5v/255 = 0.0196v. This means we can have 256 different voltages from 0v to 5v.

By controlling the brightness of an LED using Arduino PWM, we can achieve a LED Dimming effect. We will decrease the analogWrite() value from 255 to 0 to gradually decrease the voltage of the output pin from 5v to 0v, resulting in an increase in the brightness of the led from zero brightness to the fullest.

In this tutorial, you will learn about the Arduino PWM function and how to use it to control the brightness of an LED. You can also apply this technique to control other devices such as motors, servo motors, and more.

Overall, we will get a LED Dimming effect by controlling the brightness of an LED using Arduino's PWM function.

Arduino pwm control motor